Homayoon E. Estekanchi

Professor, P.E.

Civil Engineering Department

Sharif University of Technology

Civil Engineering Department

Sharif University of Technology

P.O.Box 11155-9313

Tehran, Iran

+98 (21) 66005818

+98 (21) 66014828

514 in Civil Engineering Department

 

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Bazmuneh, A, Estekanchi, H. E. and Vafai, A. (2012), "Application of Endurance Time Method in Performance-Based Design with an Example of BRB Frame", Submitted

Mashayekhi, M. and Estekanchi, H. E. (2012),  "Significance of effective number of cycles in Endurance Time analysis",  Asian Journal of Civil Engineering, v13, n5, p647-657, [Link]

Estekanchi, H. E. and Alembagheri, , M. (2012), "Seismic analysis of steel liquid storage tanks by Endurance Time method", Thin-Walled Structures, v50, n1, p14-23, doi:10.1016/j.tws.2011.08.015   

Alembagheri, M and Estekanchi, H. E. (2011), "Seismic Assessment of Unanchored Steel Storage Tanks by Endurance Time Method", Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, v10, n4, p591-604, doi:10.1007/s11803-011-0092-y

Riahi, H. T.; Estekanchi, H. E. and Boroujeni, S. S. (2011) "Application of Endurance Time method in nonlinear seismic analysis of steel frames", Procedia Engineering, v14, p3237-3244, doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2011.07.409

Nozari, A and Estekanchi, H. E. (2011) "Optimization of Endurance Time acceleration functions for seismic assessment of structures, International Journal of Optimization in Civil Engineering, v1, n2, 257-277, [Link]

Madarshahian, R., Estekanchi, H. E. and Mahvashmohammadi, A. (2011), "Estimating seismic demand parameters with Endurance Time method", Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A (Applied Physics & Engineering), v12, n8, p616-626, doi:10.1631/jzus.A1000389 

Estekanchi, H. E., Riahi, H. T. and Vafai, A. (2011), ''Application of Endurance Time Method in Seismic Assessment of Steel Frames", Engineering Structures, v33, n9, p2535-2546  doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.04.025

Valamanesh, V; Estekanchi, H. E., Vafai, A and Ghaemian M. (2011), "Application of Endurance time method in seismic analysis of concrete gravity dams", Scientia Iranica A, v18, n3, p326-337, doi:10.1016/j.scient.2011.05.039

Valamanesh, V and Estekanchi, H. E. (2011), "Endurance time method for multi-component analysis of steel elastic moment frames",  Scientia Iranica, v18, n2, p139-142, doi:10.1016/j.scient.2011.03.024

Alembagheri, M and Estekanchi, H. E. (2011), "Nonlinear analysis of aboveground anchored steel tanks using Endurance Time method", Asian Journal of Civil Engineering, v12, n6, p731-750,  [Link]

Vaezi, D.; Estekanchi, H. E.; Vafai, A and Riahi H. T. (2011), ''Linear Analysis of On-ground Oil Reservoirs with Endurance Time Method, Using Real Earthquake Compatible Acceleration Functions (in Persian)'', Sharif Journal of Science and Technology, v26, n3, p23-31, [Link]

Estekanchi, H. E. and Basim, M. Ch. (2011), "Optimal damper placement in steel frames by the Endurance Time method", The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings, v20, n5, p612-630, doi:10.1002/tal.689

Mirzai, A, Estekanchi, H. E. and Vafai, A. (2010), "Application of Endurance Time Method in Performance Based Design of Steel Moment Frames", Scientia Iranica, v17, n6, p482-492, [Link]

Bazmuneh, A and Estekanchi, H. E. (2010), "Bi-Directional Nonlinear Seismic Analysis by Means of ET Method (in Persian)", Islamic Azad University Journal of Civil Engineering , v3, n2, p33-42, [Link]

Valamanesh, V and Estekanchi, H. E. (2010), "Compatibility of the endurance time method with codified seismic analysis approaches on three-dimensional analysis of steel frames ", The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings, doi:10.1002/tal.666 

Bazmuneh, A and Estekanchi, H. E. (2010), " Application of Endurance Time method in performance based design: Buckling-Restrained Braced frame (in Persian)", Islamic Azad University Journal of Civil Engineering , v2, n1, p10-25, [Link]

Valamanesh, V; Estekanchi, H. E. and Vafai, A (2010), ''Application of Endurance Time method in seismic analysis and design of concrete gravity dams (in Persian)'', Sharif Journal of Science and Technology, v26, n1, p105-118, [Link]

Valamanesh, V and Estekanchi, H. E. (2010), "A Study of Endurance Time Method in the Analysis of Elastic Moment Frames under Three-Directional Seismic Loading ", Asian Journal of Civil Engineering, v11, n5, p543-562,  [Link]

Valamanesh, V; Estekanchi, H. E. and Vafai, A. (2010), ''Characteristics of Second Generation Endurance Time Accelerograms'', Scientia Iranica, v17, n1, p53-61, [Link]

Riahi, H. T. and Estekanchi, H. E, (2010), "Seismic Assessment of Steel Frames with Endurance Time Method", Journal of Constructional Steel Research, v66, n6, p780-792, doi:10.1016/j.jcsr.2009.12.001

Valamanesh, V and Estekanchi, H. E. (2009), "Assessment of regulations for multi-directional seismic analysis of structures (in Persian)", Islamic Azad University Journal of Civil Engineering , v1, n3, p51-60, [Link]

Estekanchi, H. E.; Riahi, H. T. and Vafai, A. (2009), ''Endurance Time Method: Exercise Test as Applied to Structures'', Asian Journal of Civil Engineering, v10, n5, p559-577, [Link]

Riahi, H. T. ; Estekanchi, H. E. and Vafai, A. (2009), ''Estimates of Average Inelastic Deformation Demands for Regular Steel Frames by the Endurance Time Method'', Scientia Iranica, v16, n5, p388-402, [Link]

Vafai A., Ghabdian, M., Estekanchi H. E. and Desai C. S. (2009), "Calculation of Creep And Shrinkage in Tall Concrete Buildings using Nonlinear Staged Construction Analysis", Asian Journal of Civil Engineering, v10, n4, p409-426 [Link]

Samanipour, K.; Vafai, A.; Estekanchi, H. E. and Keyvani, J. (2009), "Investigation of the potential application of the endurance time method in the seismic analysis of steel tanks (in Persian)", Sharif Journal of Science and Technology, v24, n46.1, p59-72 [Link]

Arjomandi, K; Estekanchi, H. E. and Vafai, A. (2009), ''Correlation between Structural Performance Levels and Damage Indexes in Steel Frames Subjected to Earthquakes'', Scientia Iranica, v16, n2, p147-155, [Link]

Riahi, H. T. ; Estekanchi, H. E. and Vafai, A. (2009), ''Application of Endurance Time Method in Nonlinear Seismic Analysis of SDOF Systems'', Journal of Applied Sciences, v9, n10, p1817-1832,  [Link], [doi:10.3923/jas.2009.1817.1832 ]

Ghabdian, M., Vafai, A. and Estekanchi H. E. (2008), ''Creep and shrinkage calculation in tall concrete buildings using nonlinear staged construction method (in Persian)'', Sharif Journal of Science and Technology, v23, n40, p43-50, [Link]

Dehghani, S., Estekanchi, H. E. and Vafai, A (2008), ''Free vibration of cracked cylindrical shells (in Persian)'', Sharif Journal of Science and Technology, v23, n40, p27-33, [Link]

Estekanchi, H. E., Arjomandi, K and Vafai, A. (2008), ''Estimating Structural Damage of Steel Moment Frames by Endurance Time Method'', Journal of Constructional Steel Research, v64, n2, p145-155, doi:10.1016/j.jcsr.2007.05.010

Estekanchi, H. E. and Arjomandi, K (2007), ''Comparison of damage indexes in nonlinear time history analysis of steel moment frames'', Asian Journal of Civil Engineering, v8, n6, p629-646, [Link]

Estekanchi, H.E., Valamanesh, V. and Vafai, A. (2007), ''Application of Endurance Time Method in Linear Seismic Analysis'', Engineering Structures, v29, n10, p2551-2562, doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.01.009

Vaziri, A. and Estekanchi, H. E. (2006), ''Buckling of cracked cylindrical thin shells under combined internal pressure and axial compression'', Thin-Walled Structures, v44, n2, p141-151, doi:10.1016/j.tws.2006.02.004

Valamanesh, V., Estekanchi, H.E. and Vafai, A. (2006), ''Investigation of Endurance Time Method in Seismic Analysis of Two Dimensional Steel Frames as Compared to Static Method (in Persian)'', Sharif Journal of Science and Technology, n35, p47-55[Link]

Estekanchi, H. E., Kianfar, E. and Vafai, A. (2006), ''Application of damage indexes in nonlinear analysis of steel frames by Endurance Time method (in Persian)'', Sharif Journal of Science and Technology, v22, n33, p13-21 [Link]

Vafai, A., H.E. Estekanchi and M. Javidruzi (2005), ''Experimental study of Prefabricated Funicular Shell Units'', Structures and Buildings, Institution of Civil Engineers, v158, Issue SB3, p167-174, doi:10.1680/stbu.158.3.167.65685

Estekanchi, H. E., A. Vafai and M. Sadeghazar (2004), ''Endurance Time method for seismic analysis and design of structures'', Scientia Iranica, v11, n4, p361-370, [Link]

Javidruzi, M., A. Vafai and H. E. Estekanchi (2004), ''Dynamic stability of edge cracked plates'', Sharif Journal of Science and Technology (In Persian), v20, n27, p30-38, [Link]

Shahbeyk, S, A. Vafai and H. E. Estekanchi (2004), ''A Parametric Study of the Bending Crash Performance of Empty and Metal Foam-Filled Box-Beams'', International Journal of Crash Worthiness, vl.9, n6, p643-652, doi:10.1533/ijcr.2004.0318

Estekanchi, H. E., A. vafai and P. Shahbodaghkhan (2003), ''Comparative Evaluation of Braced Steel Frames Designed According to the First and Second Edition of the Iranian Code for Seismic Resistant Design of Buildings (in Persian)'', Building Engineering and Housing Science, Building and Housing Research Center, Iran, v1, n1, p11-16

Vafai, A., Hatami, S., Estekanchi, H. E. and Javidruzi, M. (2003), "Effects of fluid viscous dampers on seismic design and retrofit of R.C. buildings (in Persian)", Sharif Journal of Science and Technology, v19, n23, p24-38, [Link]

Estekanchi, H.E., A.Vafai and K. Kheradmandnia (2002), ''Finite Element Buckling Analysis of Cracked Cylindrical Shells under Torsion'', Asian Journal of Civil Engineering (Building and Housing Research Center), v3, n2, p73-84, [Link]

A. Vafai, M. Javidruzi and H. E. Estekanchi (2002), ''Parametric Instability of Edge Cracked Plates'', Thin Walled Structures, v40, p29-44, doi:10.1016/S0263-8231(01)00050-7

Vafai, A., H. E. Estekanchi and G. Ghadimi (2000) "The Role of Information Technology in Construction Industry (in Persian)", Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, v1, n4., p23-37

Estekanchi, H. E., A. Vafai (1999) "On the Buckling of Cylindrical Shells with Through Cracks Under Axial Load", Thin-Walled Structures, v35, p255-274, doi:10.1016/S0263-8231(99)00028-2

Vafai, A., H.E. Estekanchi (1999) "A parametric finite element study of cracked plates and shells", Thin Walled Structures, v33, p211-229, doi:10.1016/S0263-8231(98)00042-1

Moghaddam, H. A. and H. E. Estekanchi (1999) "Seismic behavior of offcentre bracing systems", Journal of Constructional Steel Research, v51, n2, p 177-196, doi:10.1016/S0143-974X(99)00007-3

Vafai, A., M. Mofid and H.E. Estekanchi (1997) "Experimental study of prefabricated funicular shell units ", Engineering Structures, v19, n9, p748-759, doi:10.1016/S0141-0296(96)00154-X

Vafai, A. and H. E. Estekanchi (1996) "A Prologue to the Buckling analysis of Cracked Shells", Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, v20, n1, p137-168, [Link]

Moghaddam, H.A., and H.E. Estekanchi (1995) "On the Characteristics of an Off-Centre Bracing System", Journal of Constructional Steel Research, v35, p361-376, doi:10.1016/0143-974X(94)00050-R

Vafai, A., H.E. Estekanchi and M. Mofid (1995) "The Use of Single Diagonal Bracing in Improvement of the Lateral Response of Tall Buildings", Structural Design of Tall Buildings, v4, p115-126, doi:10.1002/tal.4320040203

Books                                                                           

Vafai A., Estekanchi H. E. and Zidarovszky F. (2006), Finite Element Buckling Analysis of Thin Cracked Shell Structures, Sharif University Press, Tehran, Iran

Patents                                                                        

Patent No. 47617, "Bracing with seismic energy dissipating sacrificial cartridges using bending or shear mechanism for improvement of seismic response of structures ", Reg. 38612541, D861213, Iranian Documents and Properties Registration Organization (IDPRO), An improved energy dissipating device using metal yielding

Patent No. 47609, "Post fixed grooved clay brick system for wall and surfaces construction without mortar and with high planarity", Reg. 38612542, D861213, Iranian Documents and Properties Registration Organization (IDPRO), A clay brick wall system with specially designed precision grooved faces that eliminates customary cement mortar and results in more planar surfaces

Patent No. 46757, "Ductile seismic resistant bracing with concentric sacrificial bending element", Reg. 38607793, D860729, Iranian Documents and Properties Registration Organization (IDPRO), An improved energy dissipating concentric bracing using metal yielding

Patent No. 43438, "A space structural system with crossing plates nodes", Reg. 38606444, D860621, Iranian Documents and Properties Registration Organization (IDPRO), A space structural system that uses nodes in the shape of orthogonal crossing disks that facilitates members connection at various angels

Patent No. 42831, "A bracing called bracing with sacrificial bending channel", Reg. 38605791, D860527, Iranian Documents and Properties Registration Organization (IDPRO), A variation of patent No. 42563 that uses a channel shaped section instead of a tube

Patent No. 42830, "A clay block called structural clay block", Reg. 38605792, D860527, Iranian Documents and Properties Registration Organization (IDPRO), A special clay block ordinarily used in roof construction that incorporates funicular arc action to improve load bearing and stiffness capabilities

Patent No. 42563, "Bracing with bending hysteresis energy absorption capability", Reg. 38605523, D860516, Iranian Documents and Properties Registration Organization (IDPRO), An eccentric steel bracing that uses a steel cylinder bending mechanism to dissipate seismic energy  

Patent No. 42052, "A special bracing called geometric bracing", Reg. 38604681, D860423, Iranian Documents and Properties Registration Organization (IDPRO), A steel bracing system that uses geometric deformation to produce a nonlinear force-deflection characteristic that can improve seismic performance  

Conference Proceedings                                         

Estekanchi, H. E; Vafai, A.; Valamanesh, V.; Mirzaee, A.; Nozari, A. and Bazmuneh A. (2011) "Recent Advances in Seismic Assessment of Structures by Endurance Time Method", Proceedings of a U.S.-Iran-Turkey Seismic Workshop - Seismic Risk Management in Urban Areas; PEER report 2011/07, December 14-16, 2010, Istanbul, Turkey; pp 289-301 [Link]

Ghaffari, E. and Estekanchi, H E. (2011) "Application of Endurance Time Method in Seismic Analysis of Bridges in Elastic Region (in Persian)", Sixth national congress on Civil Engineering, 26-27 April 2011, Semnan, Iran

Nozari, A. and Estekanchi, H E. (2011) "Optimization of Endurance Time Acceleration Functions Using Trust Region Algorithm (in Persian)", Sixth national congress on Civil Engineering, 26-27 April 2011, Semnan, Iran

Hariri Ardebili, M. A.; Mirzabozorg, H. and Estekanchi, H. E. (2011) "Capability of Endurance Time Method in Analysis of Arch Dams and Prediction of Joints Behavior", 6th International Conference on Dam Engineering, February 15-17, Lisbon, Portugal

Nikfar, F and Estekanchi, H. E. (2010) "Optimal configuration of metal dampers in steel frames using Endurance Time mthod", Second conference on application of high strength steels in structural industry, 25-26 December 2010, Tehran, Iran

Basim, M. Ch. and Estekanchi, H E. (2010) "Application of Endurance Time method in optimal design of viscous dampers in performance based design of steel frames (in Persian)", Fifth national congress on Civil Engineering, 4-6 May 2010, Mashhad, Iran

Bazmuneh, A and Estekanchi, H. E., (2009), "Application of Endurance Time method in performance based design with an example of special concentric braced frame", 4th national conference on seismic resistant design of buildings (Standard 2800), Building and Housing Research Center, Tehran, Iran, No. EC22-05

Estekanchi, H. E., Vafai A. and Riahi, H. T. (2009), "Endurance Time Method: from Ideation to Application", Proceedings of a U.S.-Iran Seismic Workshop, June 29 - July 1 2009, Irvine, California , PEER report 2009/02, pp 205-218 [Link]

Asgarieh, E. and Estekanchi, H. E. (2009), "Multi-component seismic analysis and estimating the results by means of ET method ", Proceedings of the8th International Congress on Civil Engineering, 11-13 May 2009, Shiraz, Iran, No. 1856

Bazmuneh, A. and Estekanchi, H. E. (2009), "Estimating tolerable seismic excitation of existing ductile braced frame using Endurance Time method (in Persian)", Proceedings of the8th International Congress on Civil Engineering, 11-13 May 2009, Shiraz, Iran, No. 3652

Yusefi, R. and Estekanchi, H. E. (2009), "Investigation of seismic behavior of braced steel frames with connection weaknesses (in Persian)", Proceedings of the8th International Congress on Civil Engineering, 11-13 May 2009, Shiraz, Iran, No. 3678

Ziyai, E. and Estekanchi, H. E. (2009), "Seismic analysis of reinforced concrete frames with FRP reinforced shear walls by Endurance Time method (in Persian)", Proceedings of the8th International Congress on Civil Engineering, 11-13 May 2009, Shiraz, Iran, No. 3427

Riahi, H. T. and Estekanchi, H. E. (2009), "Application of ET method for estimation of inelastic deformation demands of steel frames", Proceedings of the8th International Congress on Civil Engineering, 11-13 May 2009, Shiraz, Iran, No. 3046

Estekanchi, H. E.; Riahi, H. T. and Vafai, A (2008), "Endurance Time Method: Exercise Test for Seismic Assessment of Structures", Proceedings of the 14th Word Conference on Earthquake Engineering, October 12-17, Beijing, China, No. 14-0137

Riahi, H. T. and Estekanchi H. E. (2007), ''Comparison of different methods for selection and scaling of ground motion time histories'', Fifth international conference on seismology and earthquake engineering, 13-16 May 2007, Tehran, pp 1-9

Madarshahian S. R. and Estekanchi H. E. (2007), ''Investigation of nonlinear endurance time and static pushover methods in estimating steel moment frames performance (in Persian)'', Fifth international conference on seismology and earthquake engineering, 13-16 May 2007, Tehran, pp 1-7

Emamjome, H. and Estekanchi H. E. (2007), ''Estimation of incremental dynamic analysis results using endurance time method'', Fifth international conference on seismology and earthquake engineering, 13-16 May 2007, Tehran, pp 1-8

Arjomandi, K and Estekanchi, H. E. (2007), ''A damage spectra approach to the design of steel moment frames'', Fifth international conference on seismology and earthquake engineering, 13-16 May 2007, Tehran, pp 1-6

Estekanchi, H.E., Riahi, H.T. and Vafai, A (2006), ''Endurance Time Method: A Dynamic Pushover Procedure for Seismic Evaluation of Structures'', First European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, Geneva, Switzerland, 3-8 September 2006, Paper Number: 443

Riahi, H.T. and Estekanchi, H.E., (2006), ''Application of Endurance Time Method for Estimating Maximum Deformation Demands of Structures'', First European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, Geneva, Switzerland, 3-8 September 2006, Paper Number: 872

Valamanesh, V and Estekanchi, H.E. (2006), ''Evaluation of endurance time method in the analysis of 2D irregular steel frames as compared to static method (in Persian)'', 7th international congress on Civil Engineering, Tarbial Modares University, Tehran, Iran, 8-10 May 2006, n1742, pp1-8

Salimzadeh, S and Estekanchi, H.E. (2006), ''Investigation of equivalent elastic spring method in linear analysis of mat foundations (in Persian)'', 7th international congress on Civil Engineering, Tarbial Modares University, Tehran, Iran, 8-10 May 2006, n1646, pp1-8

Kianfar, A; H. E. Estekanchi and A. Vafai (2005), ''A Study of Damage Indexes Performance in Seismic Analysis of Steel Frames (in Persian)'', Proceedings of The 2nd National Congress on Civil Engineering, IUST, Iran, no. 1025, pp 1-8

Kianfar, E., Estekanchi, H. E. and Vafai, A. (2004), ''Investigation and comparison of damage indexes in steel frames subjected to seismic loads (in Persian)'', Building Engineering and Housing Science, Building and Housing Research Center, Summer 83, No. 4, pp21-36

Behfar, K., H.E. Estekanchi, and A. Vafai (2004), ''An Analytical Approach for Generating Design Response Spectra Compatible Accelerograms'', The Seventh International Conference on Computational Structures Technology, Lisbon, Portugal 7-9 Sep, 2004

Sabokdast, Sh., A. vafai and H. E. Estekanchi (2004), ''Postbuckling analysis of cracked cylindrical shells subjected to axial load'', First National Conference on Civil Engineering (NCCE83),14-16 May 2004, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Paper No. 1792

Ayati, R., H. E. Estekanchi (2004), ''Comparative investigation of earthquake performance of moment frames designed according to old and new versions of 2800 standard'', First National Conference on Civil Engineering (NCCE83),14-16 May 2004, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Paper No. 1686

Soltani, A., H. E. Estekanchi (2004), ''Comparison of Off-Center and X-bracings in buildings subjected to earthquake'', First National Conference on Civil Engineering (NCCE83),14-16 May 2004, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Paper No. 1685

Behfar, K.,, R. Naghdabadi, A. Vafai, and H.E. Estekanchi (2004), ''Nanoscale Vibrational Analysis of an Embedded Multi-Layered Graphene Sheet'', Proceedings of ESDA04, 7TH Biennial ASME Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis July 19–22, 2004, Manchester, United Kingdom, [Link]

Estekanchi, H. E., A. Soltani, A. Vafai (2004), ''Seismic behavior of steel frames with off-center bracing system'', 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, August 1-6, 2004, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, paper No. 1787

A. Vafai, S. Hatami, H. Estekanchi, M. Javidruzi (2003), ''Effects of fluid viscous dampers on seismic design and retrofit of R.C. buildings'', SHARIF Journal of Science and Technology (In Persian), Vol. 19, No. 23, pp 24-38

A. Vaziri, H. Nayeb-Hashemi and H. E. Estekanchi (2003), ''Buckling of the composite cracked cylindrical shells subjected to axial load'', Proceedings of the ASME Congress & Exposition, [Link]

Estekanchi, H. E., A. vafai and P. Shahbodaghkhan (2003), ''Investigation of Steel Buildings Designed by 2800 Seismic Code Considering New Code Requirements (In Persian)'', 3rd conference of Iranian Code for Seismic Resistant Design of Buildings, Feb 25-26, Building and Housing Research Center (BHRC), Tehran, pp 479-488

A. Vaziri, H. E. Estekanchi & H. Nayeb-Hashemi (2002), ''Buckling of Cracked Cylindrical Shells with Internal Pressure Subjected to an Axial Load'', Proceedings of ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, Nov. 17-22, New Orleans, Louisiana. IMECE2002-32297 pp1-8, [Link]

A. Vaziri, H. Nayeb-Hashemi and H. E. Estekanchi (2002), ''Dynamic response of cracked cylindrical shells with internal pressure'', Proceedings of ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, Nov. 17-22, New Orleans, Louisiana. IMECE2002-33582, pp1-9, [Link]

Estekanchi, H. E. and A. Vafai (1997) "Finite element buckling analysis of cracked plates and shells", Procceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Civil Engineering, May 4-6, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, p 159-168

Vafai, A., M. Mofid and H.E. Estekanchi (1995) "A Study of Concrete Funicular Shells Subjected to Uniform Load", Developments in Computational Techniques for Civil Engineering, pp 237-241, CIVIL-COMP PRESS, B.H.V. Topping (Editor), Edinburgh, UK.